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Publication Metadata only Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Investigations of Iron-Doped Ferroelectric Ternary Thallium Chalcogenides(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2009) Acikgoz, M.; Kazan, S.; Mikailov, F. A.; Bahcesehir University; Gebze Technical University; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); Institute of Physics of the Azerbaijan National Academy of SciencesIn this review article, we summarize the results of the first investigations of EPR spectra of iron-doped ternary thallium chalcogenides TlInS2, TlGaSe2, and TlGaS2 in a wide temperature interval including previously reported structural phase transitions. In these compounds, Fe ions substituted Ga and/or In sites in crystal structure and served as local probes to study ligand crystal field and its local symmetry around these paramagnetic sites. An overview of our recent EPR studies carried out at room temperature and in the temperature interval including structural phase transitions is provided. The results revealed the fine structure of EPR spectra of the paramagnetic Fe3 + ions and the local symmetry of crystal field (CF) at Fe3 + site and CF parameters. As a result of summarizing the low-temperature EPR investigations a discussion about active atomic groups, possible atomic displacements, and the local symmetry changes during the low-temperature phase transformations is presented.Publication Metadata only A causal analysis of formal strategic planning and firm performance - Evidence from an emerging country(EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD, 2008) Glaister, Keith W.; Dincer, Omer; Tatoglu, Ekrem; Demirbag, Mehmet; Zaim, Selim; Bahcesehir University; University of Sheffield; Grand National Assembly of Turkey; Fatih UniversityPurpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of the strategic planning-performance relationship by drawing on data from a sample of Turkish firms. Design/methodology/approach - The sample frame for the study was derived from the database of the Istanbul Chamber of Industry's 500 largest Turkish manufacturing companies and the database of companies quoted on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. Based on a postal survey, 135 usable questionnaires were returned. Using LISREL causal modeling the moderating effects of a set of contingency factors on the relationship between formal strategic planning and firm performance were investigated. Findings - The findings show that there is a good deal of support for the study's hypotheses. A strong and positive relationship was formed between formal strategic planning and firm performance, which tends to confirm the arguments of the prescriptive strategic management literature. The test results also verify the moderating roles of environmental turbulence, organization structure and firm size on the strategic planning-performance link. Research limitations/implications - Strategic planning and its key dimensions represent a subtle and complex activity, and that to obtain rich data on such phenomena may be best accomplished through research methods that employ qualitative data gathering techniques. Incorporation of qualitative performance measures, in addition to financial measures would enrich our understanding of the planning-performance relationship. Practical implications - After almost a decade of relative neglect perhaps this research issue will again begin to attract the kind of attention that it deserves. Although strategy is often considered to be a universal practice, it is better thought of as many different crafts, varying according to its different contexts. So, the impact of various contexts on the planning-performance relationship should be taken into account. Originality/value - Prior studies that have examined strategic planning-performance relationship have tended to focus on firms from industrialized countries. This is one of the first studies that has explicitly modeled and empirically tested the relationship in an emerging country context.Publication Metadata only Factors affecting perceptions of the choice between acquisition and greenfield entry: The case of western FDI in an emerging market(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2008) Demirbag, Mehmet; Tatoglu, Ekrern; Glaister, Keith W.; University of Sheffield; Bahcesehir UniversityThis study provides a comprehensive account of foreign establishment mode strategies of firms investing in Turkey. The results of the logistic regression modeling provide support to the hypothesized relationships that take into account the impact of host country specific motives of MNEs on their choice between acquisitions and greenfield investments. The host country motives quality of inputs and market potential have significant negative coefficients, indicating that an MNE will favor the acquisition mode over a greenfield mode as the relative importance of both motives increases. The host country motive of investment risk has a significant positive coefficient, which increases the likelihood of the venture being a greenfield investment. Our results also show that the main investing firm specific and subsidiary level determinants of FDI modal choice identified in prior research also influence the establishment mode choice of Western MNEs when investing in Turkey. Parent diversity, previous commercial association, ownership pattern and resource-intensiveness of the target industry have the expected impact on the foreign investor's choice between a greenfield investment. and an acquisition. No support is found, however, for the impact of cultural distance and foreign parent size on establishment mode choice. Similarly, the control variables of home region of the investing firm, timing of entry and industrial sector of investment do not affect modal choice.Publication Metadata only Institutional and transaction cost influences on MNEs' ownership strategies of their affiliates: Evidence from an emerging market(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2007) Demirbag, Mehmet; Glaister, Keith W.; Tatoglu, Ekrem; University of Sheffield; Bahcesehir UniversityThis paper examines the impact of institutional, and transaction cost specific variables on MNEs' choice of equity ownership in their foreign affiliates. We consider the determinants of the choice of foreign investors between full ownership (setting up a wholly owned greenfield subsidiary or engaging in a full acquisition) and sharing ownership with a local firm (establishing a greenfield joint venture or making a partial acquisition). Drawing on both transaction cost and institutional theories, a number of hypotheses are developed. Based on a dataset of 6838 foreign affiliates in Turkey, the empirical analysis reveals that institutional variables are important in explaining the equity composition of foreign affiliates. Particularly important in determining equity ownership were found to be political risk, cultural distance, linguistic distance, agglomeration, location and the size of the affiliate. A distinguishing feature of the paper is that we examine the marginal effects of the independent variables in explaining ownership patterns of MNEs. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Equity-based entry modes of emerging country multinationals: Lessons from Turkey(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2009) Demirbag, Mehmet; Tatoglu, Ekrem; Glaister, Keith W.; University of Sheffield; Bahcesehir UniversityBased on a sample of 522 foreign affiliates of Turkish multinational enterprises (MNEs) with varying levels of Turkish equity ownership, this study provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of equity-based entry mode strategies in host country markets. A number of hypotheses are developed to examine the impact of institutional, transaction specific and firm level variables on Turkish MNEs' choice of equity ownership mode in their foreign affiliates. The results reveal that institutional variables are important in explaining the equity composition of foreign affiliates of Turkish MNEs. Particularly important in determining equity ownership mode were found to be political constraints, linguistic distance, knowledge infrastructure and the extent of parent diversity. Results concerning the influences of the size of the affiliate are contrary to expectations and contradict the findings of previous research. No support was found for the impact of Cultural distance on the equity ownership mode of Turkish MNEs in their foreign affiliates. Apart from political constraints, equity ownership choice and its underlying determinants do not vary between emerging and developed host country markets. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Moral leadership: Beyond management and governance(2003) Safty, Adel; Safty, Adel, Department of UNESCO, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey[No abstract available]Publication Metadata only Effectiveness of hypermedia annotations for foreign language reading(2005) Sakar, Asim; Ercetint, Gulcan; Sakar, Asim, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Ercetint, Gulcan, Faculty of Education, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Bebek, TurkeyThis study first explores intermediate-level English learners' preferences for hypermedia annotations while they are engaged in reading a hypermedia text. Second, it examines whether multimedia annotations facilitate reading comprehension in the second language. The participants were 44 adult learners of English as a foreign language studying English for Academic Purposes. Data were collected through a tracking tool, a reading comprehension test, a questionnaire, and interviews. Results indicate that learners preferred visual annotations significantly more than textual and audio annotations. On the other hand, a negative relationship was found between annotation use and reading comprehension. Especially, pronunciations, audiorecordings, and videos were found to affect reading comprehension negatively. However, the qualitative data revealed that the participants had positive attitudes towards annotations and hypermedia reading in general. © 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Evidence from Turkey(2005) Gunaydin, Ihsan; Tatoglu, Ekrem; Gunaydin, Ihsan, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey; Tatoglu, Ekrem, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyThis paper examines the causal relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in Turkey using annual data for the period 1968-2002, by means of cointegration, error-correction models (ECM) and the augmented vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Johansen (1992) cointegration test results indicate that these two variables are cointegrated. The empirical results from Granger causality tests based on error-correction models and the augmented level VAR suggest that there is a strong evidence of bi-directional Granger causality between FDI and economic growth, corroborating the feedback hypothesis for Turkey over the sample period. © 2005, Emerald Group Publishing Limited © 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Evidence on formal strategic planning and company performance(2006) Falshaw, J. Richard; Glaister, Keith W.; Tatoglu, Ekrem; Falshaw, J. Richard, Leeds University Business School, Leeds, United Kingdom; Glaister, Keith W., Leeds University Business School, Leeds, United Kingdom; Tatoglu, Ekrem, Faculty of Business Administration, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyPurpose - This empirical study of 113 UK companies attempts to examine the relationship between formal strategic planning and financial performance in a non-US context while taking into consideration the important contingent variables identified by previous researchers of organizational size, environmental turbulence and industry. Design/methodology/approach - Based on a postal questionnaire primary data was collected from 113 UK companies. A series of multivariate analyses were undertaken to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings - While hypotheses explaining the formality of a company's planning process were well accounted for, no relationship between formal planning process and subjective company performance was observed. Research limitations/implications - Measurement validity may be a problem. The data are cross-sectional, therefore causal linkages among the variables cannot be firmly established. Related to this point is the fact that firm performance is a function of prior, not current, planning and other management practices. Longitudinal data would be needed in order to prove that causal relationships exist and control for time lag effects. Originality/value - Despite the continued importance of performance objectives in the prescriptive literature, recent attention has not been given to strategic planning and performance in empirical research. One function of this paper is to re-kindle this area of research. More specifically, the empirical study reported in this paper draws on data from UK companies, which is novel in this stream of research. In a review of 29 relevant studies by Greenley (1994) the only study identified reporting UK data was that of Grinyer and Norburn (1975), the majority of the remaining studies reporting data from the USA. Greenley notes that while this represents a stream of research from a single business culture, the major issue is one of relevance to the practice of strategic planning in Europe and other countries. Although the principles of strategic planning should, of course, have universal application, there may be national differences in strategic planning, country dependent influences from business culture, and influences from different national trading conditions. The strategic management field can be criticized for not examining particular phenomena in non-US contexts, with respect to the impact of FSP and organizational performance this study attempts to rectify this imbalance. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited. © 2006 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only A Comparative Study of Foreign Direct Investment Activities in Georgia and Kyrgyz Republic(2006) Kaynak, Erdener; Yalcin, Serkan; Tatoglu, Ekrem; Kaynak, Erdener, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, United States; Yalcin, Serkan, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, United States; Tatoglu, Ekrem, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyThis paper attempts to fill the knowledge gap in the area of foreign direct investment (FDI) research in the regions of Caucasus and Central Asia. Various dimensions of FDI were analyzed from a comparative perspective drawing on a number of selected case studies of inward investors in Georgia and Kyrgyz Republic. The results indicated that the FDI activity in Georgia and Kyrgyz Republic was a market-seeking type focusing heavily on location-specific attractions of the two countries. Although the issue of corruption affects foreign investors, it does not act as a major deterrent of FDI infl ows. The most serious problem influencing the performance of FDI firms was found to be inefficiency of local labor force, excessive bureaucracy and red tape, and differences inherent in the business practices of host countries. In general, however, it was found that foreign investors have been satisfied with their performance largely due to the relatively smooth competition and the availability of several market niches in both host country markets. © 2006, Emerald Group Publishing Limited © 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.