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Publication Metadata only An update on the currently available and future chemotherapy for treating bone metastases in breast cancer patients(Taylor and Francis Ltd [email protected], 2018) Oruc, Zeynep; Kaplan, Muhammet Ali; Arslan, Çaǧatay; Oruc, Zeynep, Department of Medical Oncology, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin, Turkey; Kaplan, Muhammet Ali, Department of Medical Oncology, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Arslan, Çaǧatay, Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Park Hospital, Bursa, Turkey, Faculty of Medicine, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyIntroduction: Bone metastases in breast cancer patients are a common clinical problem. Many factors influence the treatment decision, including tumor characteristics, previous treatment and tumor burden in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Areas covered: This present review summarizes the new treatment strategies and the chemotherapeutic agents currently available in the management of metastatic breast cancer with bone metastases. Expert opinion: Patients with bone metastases more often have hormone receptor-positive tumours. Although new treatment agents for metastatic breast cancer have been investigated, endocrine therapy is still considered as the treatment of choice for patients with bone metastases although chemotherapy still has an important place. In recent years, new chemotherapeutic agents such as etirinotecan and nab-paclitaxel have been established though there are few studies that have looked at particular types of metastases. In the last decade, therapies for bone metastasis resistant to endocrine therapy have predominantly focused on radiotherapy, surgical resection, chemotherapy, bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals and targeted therapeutics. New targeted agents include: Src inhibitors, cathepsin K inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, TGF-B blockade and integrin antagonists while drug delivery systems for chemotherapy have also been developed. These new treatment options could be future treatment options for bone metastatic disease if early promising results are confirmed by clinical trials. © 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Biweekly cetuximab in combination with platinum and 5-fluorouracil in metastatic head and neck carcinoma(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications B9, Kanara Business Centre, off Link Road, Ghatkopar (E) Mumbai 400 075, 2019) Surmeli, Zeki Gokhan; Özveren, Ahmet; Arslan, Çaǧatay; Deǧirmenci, Mustafa; Karaca, Burçak Saziye; Uslu, Ruchan; Surmeli, Zeki Gokhan, Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Park Hospital, Bursa, Turkey; Özveren, Ahmet, Department of Medical Oncology, Giresun Üniversitesi, Giresun, Turkey; Arslan, Çaǧatay, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Deǧirmenci, Mustafa,; Karaca, Burçak Saziye, Department of Medical Oncology, Ege Üniversitesi, Izmir, Turkey; Uslu, Ruchan, Department of Medical Oncology, Ege Üniversitesi, Izmir, TurkeyBackground and Aim: The combination of cetuximab with platinum and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy prolongs survival in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Biweekly (once in 2 weeks) administration of cetuximab requires fewer hospital visits and decreases treatment costs, therefore, it is more convenient both for the patients and for the healthcare providers. Here, we assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of an alternative biweekly regimen of cetuximab in combination with platinum and 5-FU chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for these patients. Methods and Materials: Medical records of patients with metastatic or recurrent non-nasopharyngeal SCCHN who were treated with a biweekly regimen of cetuximab (500 mg/m 2 on day 1), cisplatin (40 mg/m 2 on day 1) or carboplatin (target area under the curve 3.5 mg/ml × min on day 1), folinic acid (400 mg/m 2 on day 1), and 5-FU (400 mg/m 2 bolus on day 1 followed by continuous infusion of 2,400 mg/m 2 5-FU over 46 h) were retrospectively reviewed. Survival estimates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: In total, 60 patients were included. The median age of the patients was 60.5. The objective response rate was 53.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.7-65.9). The median progression-free survival duration was 6.8 months (95% CI = 5.5-8.1) and the median overall survival duration was 13.3 months (95% CI = 8.4-18.2). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (28.3%) and leucopenia (13.3%). Grade 3 or 4 rash was observed in 3.3% of the patients. Conclusion: Biweekly administration of cetuximab, cisplatin, and 5-FU is an effective regimen with a favorable toxicity profile for the first-line treatment of metastatic or recurrent SCCHN. These results warrant further evaluation of this regimen in prospective trials. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Exploiting DNA repair defects in breast cancer: from chemotherapy to immunotherapy(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2019) Aktaş, Burak Yasin Yasin; Güner, Gürkan; Guven, Deniz Can; Arslan, Çaǧatay; Dizdar, Ömer; Aktaş, Burak Yasin Yasin, Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey; Güner, Gürkan, Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey; Guven, Deniz Can, Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey; Arslan, Çaǧatay, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Dizdar, Ömer, Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, TurkeyIntroduction: Impaired DNA damage response (DDR) and subsequent genomic instability are associated with the carcinogenic process itself, but it also results in sensitivity of tumor cells to certain drugs and can be exploited to treat cancer by inducing deadly mutations or mitotic catastrophe. Exploiting DDR defects in breast cancer cells has been one of the main strategies in both conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapies. Areas covered: In this review, the authors first discuss DDR mechanisms in healthy cells and DDR defects in breast cancer, then focus on current therapies and developments in the treatment of DDR-deficient breast cancer. Expert opinion: Among conventional chemotherapeutics, platinum-based regimens, in particular, seem to be effective in DDR-deficient patients. PARP inhibitors represent one of the successful models of translational research in this area and clinical data showed high efficacy and reasonable toxicity with these agents in patients with breast cancer and BRCA mutation. Recent studies have underlined that some subtypes of breast cancer are highly immunogenic. Promising activity has been shown with immunotherapeutic agents, particularly in DDR-deficient breast cancers. Chemotherapeutics, DNA-repair pathway inhibitors, and immunotherapies might result in further improved outcomes in certain subsets of patients with breast cancer and DDR. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.