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Start date: 2010End date: 2019Type: search.filters.itemtype.ReviewHas files: NoAuthor: search.filters.author.Keskinbora, Kadircan H.Subject: search.filters.subject.artificial intelligence

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    Ethical considerations on novel neuronal interfaces
    (Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l. [email protected], 2018) Keskinbora, Kadircan H.; Keskinbora, Kader; Keskinbora, Kadircan H., Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Keskinbora, Kader, School of Medicine, İstinye Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
    Wireless powered implants, each smaller than a grain of rice, have the potential to scan and stimulate brain cells. Further research may lead to next-generation brain-machine interfaces for controlling prosthetics, exoskeletons, and robots, as well as electroceuticals to treat disorders of the brain and body. In conditions that can be particularly alleviated with brain stimulation, the use of such mini devices may pose certain challenges. Health professionals are becoming increasingly more accountable in decision-making processes that have impacts on the life quality of individuals. It is possible to transmit such stimulation using remote control principles. Perhaps, the most important concern regarding the use of these devices termed as neural dust is represented by the possibility of controlling affection and other mental functions via waves reaching the brain using more advanced versions of such devices. This will not only violate the respect for authority principle of ethics, but also medical ethics, and may potentially lead to certain incidents of varying vehemence that may be considered illegal. Therefore, a sound knowledge and implementation of ethical principles is becoming a more important issue on the part of healthcare professionals. In both the ethical decision-making process and in ethical conflicts, it may be useful to re-appraise the principles of medical ethics. In this article, the ethical considerations of these devices are discussed. © 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    Medical ethics considerations on artificial intelligence
    (Churchill Livingstone, 2019) Keskinbora, Kadircan H.; Keskinbora, Kadircan H., Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
    Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently one of the mostly controversial matters of the world. This article discusses AI in terms of the medical ethics issues involved, both existing and potential. Once artificial intelligence is fully developed within electronic systems, it will afford many useful applications in many sectors ranging from banking, agriculture, medical procedures to military operations, especially by decreasing the involvement of humans in critically dangerous activities. Robots as well as computers themselves are embodiments of values inasmuch as they entail actions and choices, but their practical applications are modelled or programmed by the engineers building the systems. AI will need algorithmic procedures to ensure safety in the implementation of such systems. The AI algorithms written could naturally contain errors that may result in unforeseen consequences and unfair outcomes along economic and racial class lines. It is crucial that measures be taken to monitor technological developments ensuring preventative and precautionary safeguards are in place to safeguard the rights of those involved against direct or indirect coercion. While it is the responsibility of AI researchers to ensure that the future impact is more positive than negative, ethicists and philosophers need to be deeply involved in the development of such technologies from the beginning. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.