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Publication Metadata only A comprehensive review of data analytics and storage methods in geothermal energy operations(ELSEVIER, 2025) Basem, Ali; Al-Nussairi, Ahmed Kateb Jumaah; Khidhir, Dana Mohammad; Singh, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran; Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza; Fazilati, Mohammad Ali; Salahshour, Soheil; Sajadi, S. Mohammad; Hasanabad, Ali Mohammadi; University of Warith Alanbiyaa; University of Manara; Knowledge University; INTI International University; Shahrekord University; Islamic Azad University; Okan University; Bahcesehir University; Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic; Khazar UniversityGeothermal energy storage (GES) systems are thoroughly examined in this research, with a focus on methods like borehole thermal energy storage (BTES), underground thermal energy storage (UTES), and aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES). It highlights the importance of thermal energy storage (TES) systems in addressing global energy challenges. The feasibility of UTES for large-scale energy storage and its integration with geothermal power plants is investigated. The ATES, with the advantage of large storage capacity and low operating costs has could be employed in regions with suitable aquifers. The adaptability of BTES to different ground conditions and its small land footprint made it a spotlight for the researchers. The study emphasizes the role of TES technologies in meeting the growing demand for renewable energy, reducing the impact of climate change, and providing efficient energy solutions for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. HVAC systems. Also, the application of geothermal power plants and TES systems in decreasing the dependence on nonrenewable energy sources and increasing energy efficiency increase investigated. The development of reliable and affordable sensors, together with improvements in processing power, has made data-intensive algorithms and real-time operational decision-making applications in the field of geothermal energy. The study also delves into the potential of machine learning to optimize geothermal design, monitor performance, improve performance, find errors, and more. It was shown that artificial neural networks were the most common kind of trained model, while several other models were often used as benchmarks for performance. Picture selection, systematic time series feature engineering and model evaluation were all areas that showed a lot of promise in the systematic review for future research and practical applications.Publication Metadata only Heat transfer enhancement of phase change materials using tree shaped fins: A comprehensive review(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2025) Rashid, Farhan Lafta; Dhaidan, Nabeel S.; Mahdi, Ali Jafer; Kadhim, Saif Ali; Hammoodi, Karrar A.; Al-Obaidi, Mudhar A.; Mohammed, Hayder I.; Ahmad, Shabbir; Salahshour, Soheil; Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah; University of Kerbala; University of Kerbala; Al-Zahraa University for Women; University of Technology- Iraq; University of Warith Alanbiyaa; Middle Technical University; Middle Technical University; University of Garmian; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; China University of Geosciences; Okan University; Ural Federal University; Applied Science University - Jordan; Tashkent State University of Economics; Piri Reis University; Bahcesehir UniversityThe efficiency of thermal energy storage is essential in phase change material (PCM) systems. Many traditional configurations of fins, such as radial, rectangular, and pin fins, have yet to be found lacking in how they facilitate heat transfer at charging and discharging processes, causing more extended phase change periods and decreasing the entire system's efficiency. This review seeks to fill the gap in thermal performance improvement and categorizes the existing literature related to melting, solidification, and a combination of both melting and solidification processes. Scientific research carried out in the melting section shows that tree-shaped fins have the potential to cut down melting time by 60 % compared to conventional fins and thereby significantly improve the ability to store energy. The solidification section highlights that such revolutionary fin configurations can reduce solidification time by 30 to 50 %, thus improving the system's performance. Additionally, the synchronized analysis of the trees proves that while the tree fins enhance the distribution of heat all over the trees, they also enhance the natural convection, improving the uniformity of temperatures and the effectiveness of phase change. The outcomes reveal that even though tree-shaped fins are capital-intensive, their low operating costs and higher efficiency leverage initial costs. Incorporating tree-shaped fins in the PCM system is a novel step in enhancing thermal energy storage systems with significant enhancement of solidification and melting in thermal management applications, which are crucial challenges to energy efficiency and sustainability.Publication Metadata only Numerical investigation of the effect of the number of fins on the phase-change material melting inside a shell-and-tube cylindrical thermal energy storage(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Rashid, Farhan Lafta; Khalaf, Abbas Fadhil; Alizadeh, As'ad; Al-Obaidi, Mudhar A.; Salahshour, Soheil; Chan, C. K.; Rashid, Farhan Lafta, Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq; Khalaf, Abbas Fadhil, Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq; Alizadeh, As'ad, Department of Civil Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Al-Obaidi, Mudhar A., Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, Technical Instructors Training Institute, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Chan, C. K., Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai, MalaysiaA numerical analysis of the fin count that affects phase change material (PCM) melting within a cylindrical shell-and-tube thermal energy storage (TES) is provided. Using the ANSYS/FLUENT 16 tool, the enthalpy-porosity combination was quantitatively evaluated. PCMs made of paraffin wax were used in this experiment (RT42). The results of this investigation show that fins significantly affect melting, which reduces the time required to finish the operation. Since melting relies on natural convection, which has a sluggish rate of heat transfer, the process takes longer when there are no fins. The melting process takes 900 min to finish. The melting fraction grew monotonically with the number of fins, and the curve had an initial sharp trend followed by a gradual one. When more PCMs transitioned from a solid state to a liquid state over time, the pace at which they melted decreased, and the thermal resistance between the solid-liquid interface and the heat transfer surface increased. With the same heat storage effect, the maximum time difference was 236 min, and the biggest time difference was caused by the number of fins at 81.4 %. The total melting time was greatly affected by the number of fins in the design. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Heat transfer enhancement of phase change materials using tree shaped fins: A comprehensive review(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Rashid, Farhan Lafta; Dhaidan, Nabeel S.; Mahdi, Ali Jafer; Kadhim, Saif Ali; Hammoodi, Karrar A.; Al-Obaidi, Mudhar A.; Mohammed, Hayder I.; Ahmad, Shabbir; Salahshour, Soheil; Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah; Rashid, Farhan Lafta, Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq; Dhaidan, Nabeel S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq; Mahdi, Ali Jafer, College of Information Technology Engineering, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq; Kadhim, Saif Ali, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq; Hammoodi, Karrar A., Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Al-Obaidi, Mudhar A., Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, Technical Instructors Training Institute, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq; Mohammed, Hayder I., Department of Physics, University of Garmian, Kalar City, Iraq; Ahmad, Shabbir, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil, Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Science and Letters, Pîrî Reis Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah, Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanThe efficiency of thermal energy storage is essential in phase change material (PCM) systems. Many traditional configurations of fins, such as radial, rectangular, and pin fins, have yet to be found lacking in how they facilitate heat transfer at charging and discharging processes, causing more extended phase change periods and decreasing the entire system's efficiency. This review seeks to fill the gap in thermal performance improvement and categorizes the existing literature related to melting, solidification, and a combination of both melting and solidification processes. Scientific research carried out in the melting section shows that tree-shaped fins have the potential to cut down melting time by 60 % compared to conventional fins and thereby significantly improve the ability to store energy. The solidification section highlights that such revolutionary fin configurations can reduce solidification time by 30 to 50 %, thus improving the system's performance. Additionally, the synchronized analysis of the trees proves that while the tree fins enhance the distribution of heat all over the trees, they also enhance the natural convection, improving the uniformity of temperatures and the effectiveness of phase change. The outcomes reveal that even though tree-shaped fins are capital-intensive, their low operating costs and higher efficiency leverage initial costs. Incorporating tree-shaped fins in the PCM system is a novel step in enhancing thermal energy storage systems with significant enhancement of solidification and melting in thermal management applications, which are crucial challenges to energy efficiency and sustainability. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Analysis of different phase change materials (PCMs) and wall material in a nano-circular space thermal energy storage (TES) system: A molecular dynamics approach(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2025) Cao, Cheng; Ali, Ali B.M.; Hussein, Zahraa Abed; Sawaran Singh, Narinderjit Singh; Abdullaeva, Barno S.; Zubair, Ahmad; Salahshour, Soheil; Baghaei, Sh; Cao, Cheng, School of Mechanical Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China; Ali, Ali B.M., Air Conditioning Engineering Department, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Hussein, Zahraa Abed, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq; Sawaran Singh, Narinderjit Singh, Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia; Abdullaeva, Barno S., Department of Mathematics and Information Technologies, National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Zubair, Ahmad, AlQura'a, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, Mahala Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Research Center of Applied Mathematics, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Baghaei, Sh, Fast Computing Center, Tehran, IranThermal energy storage (TES) play a vital role in overcoming the fluctuating nature of solar thermal energy. To study and understand the performance of these systems, using new techniques such as computer simulations can be useful. In this article, a specific circular nanochannel containing a phase change material (PCM) is introduced and its thermal and mass performance are investigated. By using two types of PCM and three wall metals (platinum, copper, and aluminum) the effects of changing several geometric and thermodynamic parameters are evaluated. In general, two different plans are proposed and parameters such as thermal conductivity, heat flux, charging, and discharging time are defined and evaluated. The obtained results show that the use of paraffin reduces the phase change time from 1.36 ns to 1.21 ns. Geometrical investigations also show that increasing the diameter ratio leads to a decrease in heat flux. Increasing the velocity of argon atoms in the inner tube also leads to an increase in the mobility of atoms and as a result improves the heat transfer rate. Using copper, the thermal conductivity is 54.3 % and 13.5 % higher than platinum and aluminum. The maximum heat flux for the two proposed cases is about 1500 and 1285 W/m2, respectively. Increasing the velocity of argon atoms from 0.01 Å/fs to 0.05 Å/fs leads to a decrease in the phase change time from 1.12 ns to 1.15 ns. Regarding the type of PCM, paraffin performs better than the combination of water-hydrocarbon. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Investigation of the atomic and thermal performance of Al2O3 nanoparticles/octadecane as phase change materials (PCM) in circular tube with molecular dynamics simulation(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Yan, Gongxing; Li, Jialing; Omar, Ihab; Salahshour, Soheil; Sabetvand, Rozbeh; Marzouki, Riadh; Yan, Gongxing, School of Architecture and Engineering, Yili, Xinjiang, China; Li, Jialing, Chongqing Youth Vocational & Technical College, Chongqing, China; Omar, Ihab, Air Conditioning Engineering Department, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Research Center of Applied Mathematics, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Sabetvand, Rozbeh, Fast Computing Center, Tehran, Iran; Marzouki, Riadh, Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaPhase change materials' heat transfer mechanism may be enhanced by high thermal conductivity nanoparticles, allowing for quicker and more efficient thermal energy storage and release. This study examined the atomic and thermal characteristics of octadecane as a phase transition material inside a circular tube using molecular dynamics modeling with Al2O3 nanoparticles. At 0.031 (±0.002) atoms/Å3, the tube walls had the highest density after 20 ns. The tube's maximum recorded temperature was 751.51 (±1.01) K, and its peak velocity was 0.0078 (±0.0001) Å/fs. After 20 ns, the thermal conductivity was 1.35 (±0.01) W/m·K and the heat flux was 3.84 (±0.01) W/m2. The charging and discharging times of the structure were 6.45 (±0.05) and 7.15 (±0.03) ns, respectively. This study shows how AlO₃ nanoparticles can enhance the thermal performance of octadecane in energy storage applications. It also provided important information about the atomic-level behavior of these materials during phase transitions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only A comprehensive review of data analytics and storage methods in geothermal energy operations(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Basem, Ali A.; Al-Nussairi, Ahmed Kateb Jumaah; Khidhir, Dana Mohammad; Sawaran Singh, Narinderjit Singh; Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza; Fazilati, Mohammad Ali; Salahshour, Soheil; Sajadi, S. Mohammad; Hasanabad, Ali Mohammadi; Basem, Ali A., Faculty of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Al-Nussairi, Ahmed Kateb Jumaah, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq; Khidhir, Dana Mohammad, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil, Iraq; Sawaran Singh, Narinderjit Singh, Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia; Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahr-e Kord, Iran; Fazilati, Mohammad Ali, Efficiency and Smartization of Energy Systems Research Center, Khomeyni Shahr, Iran; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Research Center of Applied Mathematics, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran; Hasanabad, Ali Mohammadi, Fast Computing Center, Tehran, IranGeothermal energy storage (GES) systems are thoroughly examined in this research, with a focus on methods like borehole thermal energy storage (BTES), underground thermal energy storage (UTES), and aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES). It highlights the importance of thermal energy storage (TES) systems in addressing global energy challenges. The feasibility of UTES for large-scale energy storage and its integration with geothermal power plants is investigated. The ATES, with the advantage of large storage capacity and low operating costs has could be employed in regions with suitable aquifers. The adaptability of BTES to different ground conditions and its small land footprint made it a spotlight for the researchers. The study emphasizes the role of TES technologies in meeting the growing demand for renewable energy, reducing the impact of climate change, and providing efficient energy solutions for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. HVAC systems. Also, the application of geothermal power plants and TES systems in decreasing the dependence on nonrenewable energy sources and increasing energy efficiency increase investigated. The development of reliable and affordable sensors, together with improvements in processing power, has made data-intensive algorithms and real-time operational decision-making applications in the field of geothermal energy. The study also delves into the potential of machine learning to optimize geothermal design, monitor performance, improve performance, find errors, and more. It was shown that artificial neural networks were the most common kind of trained model, while several other models were often used as benchmarks for performance. Picture selection, systematic time series feature engineering and model evaluation were all areas that showed a lot of promise in the systematic review for future research and practical applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.