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Publication Metadata only Metal oxides powder technology in dielectric materials(Elsevier, 2020) Abdul Wahab, Yasmin; Fatmadiana, Sharifah; Naseer, Muhammad Nihal; Johan, Mohd Rafie Bin; Hamizi, Nor Aliya; Suresh, Sagadevan; Akbarzadeh Pivehzhani, Omid; Chowdhury, Zaira Zaman; Sabapathy, Thennarasan; Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Abdul Wahab, Yasmin, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Fatmadiana, Sharifah, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Naseer, Muhammad Nihal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Johan, Mohd Rafie Bin, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Hamizi, Nor Aliya, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Suresh, Sagadevan, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Akbarzadeh Pivehzhani, Omid, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Chowdhury, Zaira Zaman, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Sabapathy, Thennarasan, School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyThis chapter centers around the portrayal of metal oxides powder which represents the one of the foremost common and diverse category of materials with respect to their mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. The material characteristics such as electric, magnetic, optical, and thermal behaviors are being versatile for technological advancements. In this chapter the fundamentals of dielectric materials and nanostructured metal oxides powder (dependent on titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, alumna, copper oxide, and tin oxide) are mentioned and discussed. In terms of future application, these nanostructured metal oxides powder are very vital for novel devices after a gracious controlled care of composition, structure, and surface properties. These metal oxides are treasure for their applications in versatile scope of industries such as water purification and medical. As metal oxide powder exhibits mentioned special properties, its consideration can be advantageous especially to cosmetics industry and personal care products. Along with described benefits, these oxides may also have hazardous effects on people, amphibian, and environment. Discussion of all applications and effects of metal oxide nanomaterials is very vast and cannot be cove at once. Hence, a summarized literature review of metal oxide nanomaterial’s ecotoxicological effects is considered as main focus. Moreover, nanoscaled surface functionalization of these oxides will also be discussed. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Metal oxides powder technology in energy technologies(Elsevier, 2020) Mahmood, Amjed Saleh; Al-Samarai, Riyadh A.; Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Mahmood, Amjed Saleh, Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq; Al-Samarai, Riyadh A., Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyThis chapter presents a broad range of energy uses of metal oxides powder technology, and it will be a good guide for scientists, engineers, and academic researchers in this field. The topics covered include materials that are manufactured by metal oxides powder technology and their uses in different kinds of energy such as fuel cells, solar cells, supercapacitor, and much more. The chapter is written on the basis of reviewing a reasonable number of peer-reviewed papers. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Chemical processes of metal oxide powders(Elsevier, 2020) Basheer, Alfarooq O.; Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Chowdhury, Zaira Zaman; Basheer, Alfarooq O., Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Chowdhury, Zaira Zaman, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaOver the past few decades, metal oxide macro-, micro-, and nanostructures had attracted an interest due to its great potential in magnetic, electronic, and optical applications. It has been widely studied and integrated into a variety of devices to achieve unprecedented excellent performance, such as enhanced gas sensing and efficient photocatalysis. Metal oxide powder is typically produced in laboratories and plans using several methods such as catalysis, physical, algae extraction, and chemical. The chemical method became popular since it can tailor mass production of metal oxide by different formulation and catalytic agents. This chapter reviews the existing chemical methods in production of metal oxide powder. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Metal oxides in electronics(Elsevier, 2020) Abu Odeh, Ali O.; Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Abu Odeh, Ali O., Liwa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyAs the silicon-based electronics approaching their maximum limit in terms of integrated chip complexity according to Moore’s law, researchers started to investigate the possibility of emerging new materials and even new methods in building electronic devices. Metal oxides (MOs) are deemed a major element in the development and building of many nanoelectronic devices due to their extraordinary electrical, physical, and chemical properties that are different from metals, semiconductors, and insulators. The rapid evolutions in synthesizing MOs and using them in electronic devices open new horizons in improving the performance and functionality of these devices. This article examines and evaluates the latest trends and progress in synthesizing, designing and building MO-based electronic devices, including thin-film transistors, field-effect transistors, diodes, and photodetectors. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Metal-oxide powder technology in biomedicine(Elsevier, 2020) Ahmad, Faisal; Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Kumar, Deepak; Ahmad, Shamim; Ahmad, Faisal, Iris Worldwide, Gurugram, India; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Kumar, Deepak, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, India; Ahmad, Shamim, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, IndiaNumerous combinations of hybrid nanomaterials (NMs) of inorganic, organic, and biomolecular origin have been synthesized with programmable physico-chemico-biological properties via their surface modifications and chemical conjugations. These hybrid NMs, undergoing through fast emerging applications in various fields including biomedicines, are particularly examined in this chapter. Given the current status of the developments in this context, a more comprehensive growth is anticipated in deploying the aforementioned programmable features, especially, involving stoichiometric changes during their syntheses guided by simultaneously ongoing analytical/simulation studies. From a larger family of such NMs the transition metal oxides-based complexes, including the perovskites, are expected to offer unique possibilities of compound formations involving their d-electron interactions that are yet to explore in depth. Reduced toxicity combined with the biocompatibility of these NM species, in general, and 2D-nanostructures using template/template-free syntheses are found offering unique applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostic applications besides others. These NMs have shown unusual efficacies even in those cases where generally antibiotics resistant behaviors were reported. An attempt has been made to explain the possible mechanism responsible for such unique and useful properties when compared to the normal antibiotic therapies that are slowly getting redundant in the coming times. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Three-dimensional printing of ceramic powder technology(Elsevier, 2020) Ahmed, Waleed Khalil; Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Ahmed, Waleed Khalil, ERU and Mechanical Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyThree-dimensional (3D) printing technology is developing rapidly and already plays an important role in many areas like industrial, medical, aerospace, and automotive fields. There is a huge demand for the 3D printing (3DP) technology especially for the ceramic products that have opened doors for a new era of application and industrial levels. In this chapter, a comprehensive review for the applications of the 3DP in ceramic will be covered as well as the technology associated. In this chapter, the applications of using ceramics in 3DP technology have been highlighted and classified based on the most work done in this field. Three main sectors have been covered that reflect the current state of this field: medical, mechanical, and physical applications. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Surface modification, including polymerization, nanocoating, and microencapsulation(Elsevier, 2020) Al-Samarai, Riyadh A.; Mahmood, Amjed Saleh; Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Al-Samarai, Riyadh A., Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq; Mahmood, Amjed Saleh, Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyThis chapter introduces the tribological performances of the surface modification, including polymerization, nanocoating, and microencapsulation. It starts by the classification of surface treatment including polymerization and the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials leading to the need to modify the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) for various applications. It then explains the surface treatments to improve the mechanical properties of tribolayers and their long-term stability under boundary lubricated conditions. There is a full discussion of chromium oxide nanopowder (Cr2O3) coating on the tribological properties of polymer and a new method using supercritical CO2 as an antisolvent (SAS) for NPs coating/encapsulation. The system model, using silica NPs as the particle of the polymer for the coating material, of the SAS process leads to the heterogeneous nucleation of the polymer NPs. At the end of the chapter the effects of WS2 NPs lubricants on polymer and alloys with the appropriate parameters will be described and they will be shown to be an effective way to improve mechanical properties and microstructure. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Synthesis and preparation of metal oxide powders(Elsevier, 2020) Voon, Chun Hong; Foo, K. L.; Lim, B. Y.; Gopinath, Subash C.B.; Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Voon, Chun Hong, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia; Foo, K. L., Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia; Lim, B. Y., School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia; Gopinath, Subash C.B., Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyIn recent years, metal oxide, especially in the form of powders, is extensively studied owing to their unique and novel properties. In this regard, this chapter provides a thorough description of current advances on the synthesis and preparation of metal oxide powders. The chapter begins with the introduction and motivation of the preparation of synthetic metal oxide powders. This is followed by the description of the synthesis and preparation method of metal oxide powders, which can be categorized into chemical methods, physical methods, and biological methods. Several important methods under each category were described with examples. This chapter ends with concluding remarks with views on the recent progress and future challenges of metal oxide powders research. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Physical studies of metal oxide powders(Elsevier, 2020) Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Abdul Wahab, Yasmin; Hamizi, Nor Aliya; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Abdul Wahab, Yasmin, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Hamizi, Nor Aliya, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaColloidal GaO nanoparticles were synthesized in ethanol by a pulsed laser ablation method. Optical and structural analyses were performed on samples generated under different laser fluence using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tunneling electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The mean size and size distribution of nanoparticles were investigated using the image processing technique of collected TEM images, in addition to XRD. It was shown that laser fluence has a significant effect on nanoparticles size properties. Also, it is proven that the ablation process affects the nanoparticles’ size and size distribution. The results show that higher laser fluence produces larger mean size of nanoparticles with a broader size distribution. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Production of powder-activated carbon from natural resources(Elsevier, 2020) Al-Douri, Yaroub K.; Basheer, Alfarooq O.; Al-Douri, Yaroub K., Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Cihan University– Sulaymania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Basheer, Alfarooq O., Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Center for Earth Sciences and Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, MalaysiaThe powder-activated carbon (PAC) under optimum conditions from a new low-cost precursor date palm fiber (DPF) biomass through a carbonization followed by KOH activation has been synthesized under optimal conditions by response surface methodology (RSM) link with central composite design (CCD). The special effects of activation temperature, time, and impregnation ratio on bio-PAC aluminum (Al3+) removal and uptake capacity were examined. The optimum conditions for synthesized bio-PAC were found to be 99.4% and 9.94 mg/g for Al3+ removal and uptake capacity, respectively at activation temperature 650°C, activation time 1 hour and impregnation ratio 1. The optimum bio-PAC was characterized and analyzed using FESEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and Zeta potential. Next, RSM-CCD experimental design was used to optimize removal and uptake capacity of Al3+ on bio-PAC. Optimum conditions were found to be at bio-PAC dose of 5 mg with pH 9.48 and contact time, 117 minutes. Furthermore, at optimized conditions of Al3+removal, kinetic and isotherm models were investigated. The results revealed the feasibility of DPF biomass to be used as a potential and cost-effective precursor for synthesized bio-PAC for Al3+ removal. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.