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Publication Metadata only Calculating minimum droplet diameter in dripping, spindle, and cone-jet modes based on experimental data in the electrospray process(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Wang, Shi; Yazdkhsti, Arian; Alizadeh, As'ad; Basem, Ali A.; Jasim, Dehyaa J.; Al-Rubaye, Ameer H.; Salahshour, Soheil; Toghraie, Davood; Wang, Shi, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang, China; Yazdkhsti, Arian, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran; Alizadeh, As'ad, Department of Civil Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Basem, Ali A., Faculty of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Jasim, Dehyaa J., Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Amarah, Iraq; Al-Rubaye, Ameer H., Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Toghraie, Davood, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranThe paper is an experimental investigation of the effect of process parameters like applied voltage, volume flow rate and distance between two electrodes through dimensionless numbers in the electrospray process, droplet diameter in particular. In addition, this study attempts to present new estimated formulas based on experimental data to ease primary evaluations of droplet diameter before any performing electrospray applications in order to reduce time and cost spending. For this purpose, a high-speed camera was used to have clear evidence of the influence of the parameters on the diameter of liquid droplets generated from acetic acid and their electrohydrodynamic (EHD) modes. In this study, the time evolution of EHD modes detected during experiments and the reasons for EHD mode geometric shapes were physically stated. The results show that decreasing the distance between two electrodes producing an electric field causes a reduction in the voltage to meet desired droplet diameter (needed minimum droplet diameter) and a switch of EHD modes occurs in lower voltages. This paper also demonstrates that the percentage of decreasing droplet diameter during the electrospray process has the extremum which can change based on changing effective parameters. Furthermore, a quick estimation for calculating minimum droplet diameter in dripping, spindle, and cone-jet modes based on experimental data is presented because it was observed the decreasing percentage of droplet diameters in each EHD mode is approximately constant unexpectedly whereas all effective parameters of the electrospray process in this research tested. Finally, another equation was also driven to calculate the decreasing percentage of droplet diameter based on dimensionless numbers, Weber and Electric Capillary numbers, using experimental data to acquire appropriate means for the primary forecast of the trend of droplet diameter production being useful for various of electrospray processes such as drug delivery, powder production, encapsulation, thin films, and electrospinning. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Using hardystonite as a biomaterial in biomedical and bone tissue engineering applications(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Wang, Haoyu; Sanghvi, Gaurav V.; Arefpour, Ahmadreza R.; Alkhayyat, Ahmed Hussein R.; Soheily, Ali; Jabbarzare, Saeid; Salahshour, Soheil; Alizadeh, As'ad; Baghaei, Sh; Wang, Haoyu, Medical College, Xijing University, Xi'an, China, Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Sanghvi, Gaurav V., Department of Microbiology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, India; Arefpour, Ahmadreza R., Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran; Alkhayyat, Ahmed Hussein R., Department of Computers Techniques Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Najaf, Iraq, Department of Computers Techniques Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Najaf, Iraq, Department of Computers Techniques Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Najaf, Iraq; Soheily, Ali, Department of Materials Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran; Jabbarzare, Saeid, Department of Materials Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Alizadeh, As'ad, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Baghaei, Sh, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranWidespread adoption for substitutes of artificial bone grafts based on proper bioceramics has been generated in recent years. Among them, calcium-silicate-based bioceramics, which possess osteoconductive properties and can directly attach to biological organs, have attracted substantial attention for broad ranges of applications in bone tissue engineering. Approaches exist for a novel strategy to promote the drawbacks of bioceramics such as the incorporation of Zn2+, Mg2+, and Zr4+ ions into calcium-silicate networks, and the improvement of their physical, mechanical, and biological properties. Recently, hardystonite (Ca2ZnSi2O7) bioceramics, as one of the most proper calcium-silicate-based bioceramics, has presented excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and interaction. Due to its physical, mechanical, and biological behaviors and ability to be shaped utilizing a variety of fabrication techniques, hardystonite possesses the potential to be applied in biomedical and tissue engineering, mainly bone tissue engineering. A notable potential exists for the newly developed bioceramics to help therapies supply clinical outputs. The promising review paper has been presented by considering major aims to summarize and discuss the most applicable studies carried out for its physical, mechanical, and biological behaviors. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only A comprehensive review of a building-integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV)(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Chen, Lin; Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza; Basem, Ali A.; Ali, Sadek Habib; Ruhani, Behrooz; Sultan, Abbas J.; Salahshour, Soheil; Alizadeh, As'ad; Chen, Lin, School of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai, China; Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahr-e Kord, Iran; Basem, Ali A., Faculty of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Ali, Sadek Habib, Department of Electrical Engineering Techniques, Al-Amarah University College, Amarah, Iraq; Ruhani, Behrooz, Solar Energy Naqsh-e Jahan Company, Isfahan, Iran; Sultan, Abbas J., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq, College of Engineering and Computing, Rolla, United States; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Alizadeh, As'ad, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, IranBeginning in the early 1990s, photovoltaic (PV) technologies were integrated with building envelopes to reduce peak electrical load and fulfill building energy demands. The PV technologies are referred to be building-integrated (BI) PV systems when they are either incorporated or mounted to the envelopes. BIPV system groupings include BIPV roofs, BIPV facades, BIPV windows, and BIPV shadings. In this study, the technology division of photovoltaic cells and the BIPV system groupings are discussed and investigated. This evaluation addresses several variables that impact the BIPV system applications' functionality and design. The tilt angle of PV shading devices, transmittance, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and glass orientation are the parameters that have been found. Researchers will find this review paper useful in constructing the BIPV system since it offers opportunities for future study. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Comprehensive review of green roof and photovoltaic-green roof systems for different climates to examine the energy-saving and indoor thermal comfort(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Liao, Xiayan; Ali, Ali B.M.; Sawaran Singh, Narinderjit Singh; Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza; Alam, Mohammad Mahtab; Orlova, Tatyana; Salahshour, Soheil; Alizadeh, As'ad; Liao, Xiayan, Department of Fine Arts and Design, Leshan Teachers College, Leshan, China; Ali, Ali B.M., Air Conditioning Engineering Department, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Sawaran Singh, Narinderjit Singh, Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia; Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahr-e Kord, Iran; Alam, Mohammad Mahtab, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Orlova, Tatyana, Department of Physics and Teaching Methods, National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Salahshour, Soheil, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Tuzla, Turkey, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Faculty of Science and Letters, Pîrî Reis Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Alizadeh, As'ad, Department of Civil Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, IraqBuilt-up regions are increasingly at risk from climate change and urban heat islands (UHIs). Solar panels and green roof systems (PV/GR) can provide several advantages to support ecologically sustainable cities. Research gaps in hot climates at the building and urban sizes are highlighted in this study, which examines the advantages of GR and combined PV/GR systems as well as their optimal design parameters. An extensive analysis of published works from the Scopus database was conducted to examine how energy-saving and indoor thermal comfort (UH-ES-ITC) was accomplished in urban structures, as well as the impact of green roofs (GR) and photovoltaic/GR systems on UHI mitigation. It's been found that, especially at building scale, GR and GR/PV systems enhance notable qualities in hot, dry locations. Sadly, not much research has been done on GR/PV systems on coupling scales. Among the research gaps identified in this study are those related to the methodology, scope, climate, objectives, variables, and features of this integration in different climate zones. Researchers and urban planners might use the findings to inform future research directions and implementation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.