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Publication Metadata only Decellularization Concept in Regenerative Medicine(Springer, 2020) Somuncu, Ozge Sezin; Somuncu, Ozge Sezin, Department of Biology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyDecellularized organs and tissues are effectively utilized in a diversity of regenerative medicine purposes, and the decellularization approaches employed differ as broadly as the tissues/organs of concern. Biological scaffold substances formed by extracellular matrix (ECM) are mostly produced with methods that include decellularization of tissues. Conservation of the multifaceted arrangement and three-dimensional (3D) construction of the ECM is very wanted but it is documented that almost every approach of decellularization cause disturbance of the organization and possible forfeiture of surface organization and conformation. The competence of cell elimination from a tissue is reliant on the basis of the tissue and the precise physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches that are utilized. Here, the most frequently applied and newly developed decellularization techniques are designated, organ engineering with decellularized scaffolds for different organs, recent knowledge in the field are explained. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only New pioneers of optogenetics in neuroscience(Springer, 2020) Sezin Somuncu, Ö.; Matthew Berns, H.; Guillermo Sanchez, J.; Sezin Somuncu, Ö., Department of Biology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Matthew Berns, H., Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, United States; Guillermo Sanchez, J., Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United StatesOptogenetics have recently increased in popularity as tools to study behavior in response to the brain and how these trends relate back to a neuronal circuit. Additionally, the high demand for human cerebral tissue in research has led to the generation of a new model to investigate human brain development and disease. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs) have been previously used to recapitulate the development of several tissues such as intestine, stomach and liver and to model disease in a human context, recently new improvements have been made in the field of hPSC-derived brain organoids to better understand overall brain development but more specifically, to mimic inter-neuronal communication. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in these two separate approaches of brain research and to emphasize the need for overlap. These two novel approaches would combine the study of behavior along with the specific circuits required to produce the signals causing such behavior. This review is focused on the current state of the field, as well as the development of novel optogenetic technologies and their potential for current scientific study and potential therapeutic use. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer in Elderly(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Topkan, Erkan; Selek, Uǧur; Pehlivan, Berrin; Kucuk, Ahmet; Bölükbaşı, Yasemin; Topkan, Erkan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey; Selek, Uǧur, Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States; Pehlivan, Berrin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Kucuk, Ahmet, Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Mersin City Education and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey; Bölükbaşı, Yasemin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United StatesElderly cancer patients with non-small and small cell lung cancer are altogether underrepresented nearly in all benchmark clinical trials, however, the embodiment of elderly patients in clinical studies should be emphatically encouraged to construct a proof-based optimal treatment of this specific age group. As most retrospective studies reveal similar oncologic results in elderly lung cancer patients compared to younger counterparts when treated with stage-specific recommendations, concerted efforts to accurately identify qualified patients to be prescribed standard treatments should be motivated. Therefore, we counsel a baseline and continuing guidance of geriatric assessment to promote individualized care, support, and tailored treatment protocols to avoid under- and overtreatments in elderly lung cancer patients. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Peripheral Targets(Humana Press Inc., 2024) Özden, Ali Veysel; Özden, Ali Veysel, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyAlthough vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is nowadays frequently used in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, depression, and chronic pain such as migraine, an increasing number of studies mention its peripheral effects. Central effects of VNS as a cranial neuromodulation method can be prioritized, but it can cause physiological changes in many peripheral organs as well by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity modification. It can be argued that the peripheral effects of VNS can occur through many mechanisms such as reducing hyperinflammation, regulating circulation, determining the level of muscle tone, and controlling endocrine and exocrine secretions. In addition, the role of the vagus nerve on the gut-brain axis should always be kept in mind. However, the wide distribution of the vagus nerve and its extensive connections including those in the central nervous system complicate our understanding of its peripheral effects. VNS appears to have effects on the body (metabolism, neuronal activity, immune status, etc.) but we need more randomized placebo-controlled studies to fully understand and demonstrate the effects of VNS on peripheral targets. Biofeedback systems can be useful both for testing different stimulation parameters and for better understanding of peripheral effects. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Isolation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from an Apheresis Sample(Humana Press Inc., 2025) Siyah, Pinar; Kocabas, Fatih; Siyah, Pinar, Department of Biochemistry, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Kocabas, Fatih, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TurkeyThe hematopoietic system constantly produces new blood cells through hematopoiesis, and maintaining this balance is vital for human health. This balance is maintained by self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and various progenitor cells. Under typical circumstances, HSCs are not abundantly found in peripheral blood, hence, their mobilization from the bone marrow is vital. Hematopoietic growth factors achieve this effectively, enabling mobilization and thus allowing blood sample and thus HSC collection via apheresis. Securing a sufficient supply of HSCs is vital for successful hematopoietic reconstitution and the rapid integration of committed cells. Thus, isolation and expansion of HSCs are crucial for convenient extraction, production of transplantable quantities, genetic modifications for enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and as a source of increased/expanded/synthesized blood cells in vitro. In conclusion, the isolation and expansion of HSCs play pivotal roles in both regenerative medicine and hematology. This protocol describes the isolation of human HSCs by providing an overview of the primary method for isolating human hematopoietic stem cells from apheresis blood samples and sheds light on human HSC studies and developments in research and medicine. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.