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Publication Open Access Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Unusual Neoplasms Related to Foramen of Luschka: A Review for Differential Diagnosis(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022) Demir, Mustafa Kemal; Ozdamarlar, Umut; Yilmaz, Baran; Akakln, Akln; Kilic, Turker D.; Demir, Mustafa Kemal, Department of Radiology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Ozdamarlar, Umut, Department of Radiology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Yilmaz, Baran, Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Akakln, Akln, Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Kilic, Turker D., Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyThere are many types of neoplasms in or around the foramen of Luschka (FL), and definitive diagnosis in some cases requires knowledge of imaging findings. The uncommon and challenging neoplasms with FL involvement considered in this study are exophytic brainstem glioma, primary glioblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), primary anaplastic ependymoma of the CPA, choroid plexus papilloma of the FL, solitary FL choroid plexus metastasis, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the jugular foramen, paraganglioma of the jugular foramen, exostosis of the jugular foramen, psammomatous meningioma in the lateral cerebellar medullary cistern, epidermoid tumor of the fourth ventricle, and a hypoglossal schwannoma. These neoplasms may have overlapping clinical and imaging features, but some have relatively distinct imaging features. Knowledge of the key clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of these unusual lesions with FL involvement is important for radiologists to improve diagnostic ability and to assist the referring physician in the appropriate management of the patient. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Open Access Ectopic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors/Adenomas Around the Sella Turcica(Galenos Publishing House, 2024) Demir, Mustafa Kemal; Ertem, Onder; Kilic, Deniz; Akinci, Okan; Ecertastan, Ozge; Konya, Deniz; Kilic, Turker D.; Demir, Mustafa Kemal, Department of Radiology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Ertem, Onder, Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Kilic, Deniz, Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Akinci, Okan, Clinic of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey; Ecertastan, Ozge, Faculty of Medicine, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Konya, Deniz, Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Kilic, Turker D., Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyFunctional or non-secretory ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) can form around the sella turcica during the development of the adenohypophysis by differentiating and detaching from the pharyngeal roof. These tumors usually appear in the sphenoid sinus, clivus, cavernous sinus, infundibulum, and suprasellar cistern. Ectopic PitNETs typically display the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of pituitary adenomas. However, preoperative diagnosis of PitNETs is usually challenging because of the variety of clinical and imaging presentations, locations, and sizes. Ectopic suprasellar PitNETs resemble mass lesions in the pituitary stalk. Ectopic cavernous sinus of PitNETs are typically microadenomas in the medial wall. Ectopic sphenoclival tumors are characterized by more aggressive tumor activity than the other ectopic PitNETs. Although ectopic PitNETs are exceedingly rare, they should be considered as a differential diagnosis for masses around the sella turcica. Treatment of the disease should be individualized and may include medical care, surgical resection, gamma-knife radiosurgery, and radiotherapy. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Open Access Giant Intracranial Cavernous Malformations: A Review on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics(Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2024) Demir, Mustafa Kemal; Klllc, Deniz; Zorlu, Emre; Kilic, Turker D.; Demir, Mustafa Kemal, Department of Radiology, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Klllc, Deniz, Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Zorlu, Emre, Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Kilic, Turker D., Department of Neurosurgery, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyBackground Intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs), commonly known as cavernomas or cavernous angiomas, are low-flow, well-circumscribed vascular lesions composed of sinusoidal spaces lined by a single layer of endothelium and separated by a collagenous matrix without elastin, smooth muscle, or other vascular wall elements. A diameter greater than 3 cm for a CM is unlikely. These lesions may have atypical appearances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI with advanced techniques such as a susceptibility-weighted image or T2-gradient echo, a diffusion-weighted image and corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient map, and diffusion tensor tractography have revolutionized the diagnostic approach to these lesions. Materials and Method The present study reviews the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, MRI strategy, and MRI appearances of the CMs, with a few examples of the giant CMs from our archive. Results Intracranial giant CMs may have unexpected locations, sizes, numbers, and varied imaging appearances due to repeated hemorrhages, unusual enhancement patterns, intense perifocal edema, and unusual associations, making the differential diagnosis difficult. Conclusion Familiarity with the MRI appearances of the giant intracranial CMs and the differential diagnosis improves diagnostic accuracy and patient management. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.