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Publication Metadata only Combating Phytopathogens by Integration of Metagenomics and Phototrophic Biotechnologies: Toward Sustainable Agricultural Practices(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2025) Sadvakasova, Assemgul K.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Zaletova, Dilnaz; Bauenova, Meruyert O.; Huang, Zhiyong; Zharmukhamedov, Sergey K.; Shabala, Sergey; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Satbayev University; Satbayev University; Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, CAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Western Australia; Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology; Bahcesehir UniversityRising global food demand amid climate change presents unprecedented challenges for modern agriculture. The spread of phytopathogens and the degradation of agroecosystems necessitate the development of innovative plant protection solutions. Traditional chemical pesticides are losing their effectiveness due to the emergence of resistant pathogens and their adverse environmental impacts, thereby intensifying interest in biological control methods. This study examines the integration of metagenomic analysis and phototrophic biotechnology as a promising approach to biocontrol. Metagenomics enables the precise identification of phytopathogens and beneficial microorganisms, laying the groundwork for the development of targeted biopesticides. Phototrophic microorganisms, including microalgae and cyanobacteria, exhibit antimicrobial properties and contribute to the restoration of soil ecosystems. The convergence of these technologies offers opportunities to form adaptive microbial consortia that ensure the long-term sustainability of agroecosystems. The paper discusses key challenges, including data processing complexities, the scalability of technologies, and regulatory barriers, and underscores the need for standardized methodologies and interdisciplinary collaboration. The integration of metagenomics and phototrophic biotechnology represents a promising direction for creating environmentally safe and sustainable agricultural production systems.Publication Metadata only Development and Transfer of Microbial Agrobiotechnologies in Contrasting Agrosystems: Experience of Kazakhstan and China(MDPI, 2025) Nygymetova, Aimeken M.; Sadvakasova, Assemgul K.; Zaletova, Dilnaz E.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Bauenova, Meruyert O.; Wang, Jingjing; Huang, Zhiyong; Sarsekeyeva, Fariza K.; Kirbayeva, Dariga K.; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, CAS; Bahcesehir University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Timiryazev Institute of Plant PhysiologyThe development and implementation of microbial consortium-based biofertilizers represent a promising direction in sustainable agriculture, particularly in the context of the ongoing global ecological and agricultural crisis. This article examines the agroecological and economic impacts of applying microbial consortiums and explores the mechanisms of technology transfer using the example of two countries with differing levels of scientific and technological advancement-China and Kazakhstan. The analysis of the Chinese experience reveals that the successful integration of microbial biofertilizers into agricultural practice is made possible by a well-established institutional framework that includes strong governmental support for R&D, a robust scientific infrastructure, and effective coordination with the private sector. In contrast, Kazakhstan, despite its favorable agroecological conditions and growing interest among farmers in environmentally friendly technologies, faces several challenges from limited funding to a fragmented technology transfer system. The comparative study demonstrates that adapting Chinese models requires consideration of local specificities and the strengthening of intergovernmental cooperation. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to establish a multi-level innovation ecosystem encompassing the entire cycle of development and deployment of microbial biofertilizers, as a prerequisite for improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security in countries at different stages of economic development.Publication Metadata only Microalgae as a key tool in achieving carbon neutrality for bioproduct production(ELSEVIER, 2023) Sadvakasova, Assemgul K.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Bauenova, Meruyert O.; Balouch, Huma; Leong, Yoong Kit; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K.; Huang, Zhiyong; Alharby, Hesham F.; Tomo, Tatsuya; Chang, Jo-Shu; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Satbayev University; Satbayev University; Tunghai University; Tunghai University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, CAS; King Abdulaziz University; Tokyo University of Science; National Cheng Kung University; Yuan Ze University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Bahcesehir UniversityThe upcoming global climate change as a result of anthropogenic action is now increasingly attracting the attention of scientific communities. Over the past three decades, researchers and industries around the world have spent a lot of time and effort developing various carbon capture and storage technologies, which, despite their promise, are still economically complex, with unclear long-term consequences to the environment. As an alternative, biological carbon sequestration is considered an attractive method of atmospheric CO2 fixation with the production of biomass, which, in turn, can be used as a readily renewable feedstock for the production of biofuels and other valuable products. This review focuses on the latest data of microalgae research in terms of key carbon footprint minimization strategies, which include features of the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) in microalgae, the main range of biofuels and the possibility of obtaining valuable metabolites based on them, such as bioplastics, biofertilizers, and biologically active compounds.Publication Metadata only Synthetic algocyanobacterial consortium as an alternative to chemical fertilizers(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2023) Sadvakasova, Assemgul K.; Bauenova, Meruyert O.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K.; Huang, Zhiyong; Wang, Jingjing; Balouch, Huma; Alharby, Hesham F.; Chang, Jo-Shu; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Satbayev University; Satbayev University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, CAS; King Abdulaziz University; Tunghai University; Tunghai University; National Cheng Kung University; Yuan Ze University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology; Bahcesehir UniversityThe use of unregulated pesticides and chemical fertilizers can have detrimental effects on biodiversity and human health. This problem is exacerbated by the growing demand for agricultural products. To address these global challenges and promote food and biological security, a new form of agriculture is needed that aligns with the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy. This entails developing the biotechnology market and maximizing the use of renewable and eco-friendly resources, including organic fertilizers and biofertilizers. Phototrophic microorganisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and assimilation of molecular nitrogen play a crucial role in soil microbiota, interacting with diverse microflora. This suggests the potential for creating artificial consortia based on them. Microbial consortia offer advantages over individual organisms as they can perform complex functions and adapt to variable conditions, making them a frontier in synthetic biology. Multifunctional consortia overcome the limitations of monocultures and produce biological products with a wide range of enzymatic activities. Biofertilizers based on such consortia present a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers, addressing the issues associated with their usage. The described capabilities of phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial consortia enable effective and environmentally safe restoration and preservation of soil properties, fertility of disturbed lands, and promotion of plant growth. Hence, the utilization of algo-cyanobacterial consortia biomass can serve as a sustainable and practical substitute for chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth promoters. Furthermore, employing these bio-based organisms is a significant stride towards enhancing agricultural productivity, which is an essential requirement to meet the escalating food demands of the growing global population. Utilizing domestic and livestock wastewater, as well as CO2 flue gases, for cultivating this consortium not only helps reduce agricultural waste but also enables the creation of a novel bioproduct within a closed production cycle.Publication Metadata only Microalgae- and cyanobacteria-derived phytostimulants for mitigation of salt stress and improved agriculture(ELSEVIER, 2024) Sarsekeyeva, Fariza K.; Sadvakasova, Asemgul K.; Sandybayeva, Sandugash K.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Huang, Zhiyong; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K.; Akmukhanova, Nurziya R.; Leong, Yoong Kit; Chang, Jo-Shu; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Satbayev University; Satbayev University; Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, CAS; Tunghai University; Tunghai University; National Cheng Kung University; Yuan Ze University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Bahcesehir UniversitySoil salinization poses severe abiotic stress that adversely affects plant growth and development, ultimately threatening global food security by inducing physiological abnormalities. In response to escalating nutrient demands, with global requirements quantified at 76 % for nitrogen and 87 % for phosphorus, modern agriculture is increasingly adopting sustainable practices to enhance nutrient recycling and reduce reliance on external inputs. Emerging sources of plant phytostimulants, such as microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass, show promise in augmenting crop yields and bolstering plant resistance to various abiotic factors, including salt stress. The efficacy of these microorganisms stems from their simplistic cellular structure, superior photosynthetic efficiency, capacity for heterotrophic growth, adaptability to varying environmental conditions, potential for metabolic engineering, and the abundance of valuable biomolecules (such as soluble amino acids, micronutrients, polysaccharides, and phytohormones) within their biomass. This review provides an analysis of the current research landscape concerning microalgae- and cyanobacteria-derived phytostimulants, highlighting their promise as an innovative and sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers in the agricultural sector. Moreover, it identifies various adaptive responses of plants to salinity stress and assesses the potential and challenges associated with the use of microalgae and cyanobacteria-based metabolites for developing new sustainable strategies to enhance crop tolerance to salinity stress.Publication Metadata only Optimising microalgae-derived butanol yield(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2024) Bauenova, Meruyert O.; Sadvakasova, Assemgul K.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Yilmaz, Girayhan; Huang, Zhiyong; Wang, Jingjing; Balouch, Huma; Zaletova, Dilnaz E.; Lyaguta, Mariya A.; Alharby, Hesham F.; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University; Bahcesehir University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, CAS; King Abdulaziz University; Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology; Russian Academy of SciencesRapid global urbanisation emphasises the necessity to explore sustainable energy resources to fulfill escalating energy demands. Biobutanol emerges as a promising biofuel due to heightened energy density and molecular similarity to petrol. Microalgae, rich in carbohydrates, offer a potential glucose source for biobutanol fermen-tation. The current study shows that varying CO2 concentrations affect carbohydrate content in the biomass of P. kessleri bh-2 and Scenedesmus sp.k-7. The introduction of 1% CO2 significantly improved carbohydrate pro-ductivity, reaching 74.5% for P. kessleri bh-2 and 71.0% for Scenedesmus sp.k-7. Enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be most effective for ABE fermentation, with optimal results obtained at enzyme loads of 8 mg g 1 cellulase and 2 mg g 1 amylase for both strains. When C. acetobutylicum cells were cultivated with pretreated P. kessleri bh-2 biomass, the biobutanol yield amounted to 4.8 gL-1 at a glucose concentration of 5.30 gL-1, demonstrating strain's superior performance compared to Scenedesmus sp.k-7.Publication Metadata only Microalgae as a key tool in achieving carbon neutrality for bioproduct production(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sadvakasova, Asemgul K.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Bauenova, Meruyert O.; Balouch, Huma; Leong, Yoong Kit; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K.; Huang, Zhiyong; Alharby, Hesham Fasial; Tomo, Tatsuya; Chang, Jo-Shu; Sadvakasova, Asemgul K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Bauenova, Meruyert O., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Balouch, Huma, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Leong, Yoong Kit, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Huang, Zhiyong, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, China, National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; Alharby, Hesham Fasial, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Tomo, Tatsuya, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan; Chang, Jo-Shu, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, TaiwanThe upcoming global climate change as a result of anthropogenic action is now increasingly attracting the attention of scientific communities. Over the past three decades, researchers and industries around the world have spent a lot of time and effort developing various carbon capture and storage technologies, which, despite their promise, are still economically complex, with unclear long-term consequences to the environment. As an alternative, biological carbon sequestration is considered an attractive method of atmospheric CO2 fixation with the production of biomass, which, in turn, can be used as a readily renewable feedstock for the production of biofuels and other valuable products. This review focuses on the latest data of microalgae research in terms of key carbon footprint minimization strategies, which include features of the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) in microalgae, the main range of biofuels and the possibility of obtaining valuable metabolites based on them, such as bioplastics, biofertilizers, and biologically active compounds. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Synthetic algocyanobacterial consortium as an alternative to chemical fertilizers(Academic Press Inc., 2023) Sadvakasova, Asemgul K.; Bauenova, Meruyert O.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K.; Huang, Zhiyong; Wang, Jingjing; Balouch, Huma; Alharby, Hesham Fasial; Chang, Jo-Shu; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.; Sadvakasova, Asemgul K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Bauenova, Meruyert O., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Huang, Zhiyong, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, China; Wang, Jingjing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, China; Balouch, Huma, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Alharby, Hesham Fasial, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Chang, Jo-Shu, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I., Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Institute of Fundamental Problems of Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeyThe use of unregulated pesticides and chemical fertilizers can have detrimental effects on biodiversity and human health. This problem is exacerbated by the growing demand for agricultural products. To address these global challenges and promote food and biological security, a new form of agriculture is needed that aligns with the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy. This entails developing the biotechnology market and maximizing the use of renewable and eco-friendly resources, including organic fertilizers and biofertilizers. Phototrophic microorganisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and assimilation of molecular nitrogen play a crucial role in soil microbiota, interacting with diverse microflora. This suggests the potential for creating artificial consortia based on them. Microbial consortia offer advantages over individual organisms as they can perform complex functions and adapt to variable conditions, making them a frontier in synthetic biology. Multifunctional consortia overcome the limitations of monocultures and produce biological products with a wide range of enzymatic activities. Biofertilizers based on such consortia present a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers, addressing the issues associated with their usage. The described capabilities of phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial consortia enable effective and environmentally safe restoration and preservation of soil properties, fertility of disturbed lands, and promotion of plant growth. Hence, the utilization of algo-cyano-bacterial consortia biomass can serve as a sustainable and practical substitute for chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth promoters. Furthermore, employing these bio-based organisms is a significant stride towards enhancing agricultural productivity, which is an essential requirement to meet the escalating food demands of the growing global population. Utilizing domestic and livestock wastewater, as well as CO2 flue gases, for cultivating this consortium not only helps reduce agricultural waste but also enables the creation of a novel bioproduct within a closed production cycle. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Optimising microalgae-derived butanol yield(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Bauenova, Meruyert O.; Sadvakasova, Asemgul K.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Yilmaz, Girayhan; Huang, Zhiyong; Wang, Jingjing; Balouch, Huma; Zaletova, Dilnaz E.; Lyaguta, Mariya A.; Alharby, Hesham Fasial; Bauenova, Meruyert O., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Sadvakasova, Asemgul K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D., Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Kazakhstan; Yilmaz, Girayhan, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Huang, Zhiyong, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, China; Wang, Jingjing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, China; Balouch, Huma, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Zaletova, Dilnaz E., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Lyaguta, Mariya A., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Alharby, Hesham Fasial, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaRapid global urbanisation emphasises the necessity to explore sustainable energy resources to fulfill escalating energy demands. Biobutanol emerges as a promising biofuel due to heightened energy density and molecular similarity to petrol. Microalgae, rich in carbohydrates, offer a potential glucose source for biobutanol fermentation. The current study shows that varying CO2 concentrations affect carbohydrate content in the biomass of P. kessleri bh-2 and Scenedesmus sp.k-7. The introduction of 1% CO2 significantly improved carbohydrate productivity, reaching 74.5% for P. kessleri bh-2 and 71.0% for Scenedesmus sp.k-7. Enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be most effective for ABE fermentation, with optimal results obtained at enzyme loads of 8 mg g−1 cellulase and 2 mg g−1 amylase for both strains. When C. acetobutylicum cells were cultivated with pretreated P. kessleri bh-2 biomass, the biobutanol yield amounted to 4.8 gL-1 at a glucose concentration of 5.30 gL-1, demonstrating strain's superior performance compared to Scenedesmus sp.k-7. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Microalgae- and cyanobacteria-derived phytostimulants for mitigation of salt stress and improved agriculture(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Sarsekeyeva, Fariza K.; Sadvakasova, Asemgul K.; Sandybayeva, Sandugash K.; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D.; Huang, Zhiyong; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K.; Akmukhanova, Nurziya R.; Leong, Yoong Kit; Chang, Jo-Shu; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.; Sarsekeyeva, Fariza K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Sadvakasova, Asemgul K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Sandybayeva, Sandugash K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Kossalbayev, Bekzhan D., Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Kazakhstan, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, China; Huang, Zhiyong, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Tianjin, China; Zayadan, Bolatkhan K., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Akmukhanova, Nurziya R., Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Leong, Yoong Kit, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chang, Jo-Shu, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I., Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Institute of Fundamental Problems of Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkeySoil salinization poses severe abiotic stress that adversely affects plant growth and development, ultimately threatening global food security by inducing physiological abnormalities. In response to escalating nutrient demands, with global requirements quantified at 76 % for nitrogen and 87 % for phosphorus, modern agriculture is increasingly adopting sustainable practices to enhance nutrient recycling and reduce reliance on external inputs. Emerging sources of plant phytostimulants, such as microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass, show promise in augmenting crop yields and bolstering plant resistance to various abiotic factors, including salt stress. The efficacy of these microorganisms stems from their simplistic cellular structure, superior photosynthetic efficiency, capacity for heterotrophic growth, adaptability to varying environmental conditions, potential for metabolic engineering, and the abundance of valuable biomolecules (such as soluble amino acids, micronutrients, polysaccharides, and phytohormones) within their biomass. This review provides an analysis of the current research landscape concerning microalgae- and cyanobacteria-derived phytostimulants, highlighting their promise as an innovative and sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers in the agricultural sector. Moreover, it identifies various adaptive responses of plants to salinity stress and assesses the potential and challenges associated with the use of microalgae and cyanobacteria-based metabolites for developing new sustainable strategies to enhance crop tolerance to salinity stress. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.