Development of next-generation diamagnetic milli-swimmers

Abstract

Developing milli/microswimmers in the biomedical field over the last two decades has led to an enormous revelation in in-vivo studies, particularly in overcoming the impossibility of accessing some sensitive, delicate, and inaccessible parts of the body. One of the most attractive methods is utilizing additive manufacturing technologies. Milli/micro-robotic swimmers could be developed fast, precise, cost-friendly, and controllable by magnetic-, photo-, and acoustic actuation. Bismuth is the most biocompatible diamagnetic material usable for therapeutic and diagnostic intentions. Bismuth diamagnetic particle-loaded milli-swimmers were developed utilizing additive manufacturing by stereolithography-based 3D-printer and movement kinetics under magnetic field gradient were observed. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.