Enhanced heat transportation for bioconvective motion of Maxwell nanofluids over a stretching sheet with Cattaneo–Christov flux

Abstract

The main aim of this work is to study the thermal conductivity of base fluid with mild inclusion of nanoparticles. We perform numerical study for transportation of Maxwell nanofluids with activation energy and Cattaneo–Christov flux over an extending sheet along with mass transpiration. Further, bioconvection of microorganisms may support avoiding the possible settling of nanoentities. We formulate the theoretical study as a nonlinear coupled boundary value problem involving partial derivatives. Then ordinary differential equations are obtained from the leading partial differential equations with the help of appropriate similarity transformations. We obtain numerical results by using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method with shooting technique. The effects of various physical parameters such as mixed convection, buoyancy ratio, Raleigh number, Lewis number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, mass transpiration on bulk flow, temperature, concentration, and distributions of microorganisms are presented in graphical form. Also, the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and motile density number are calculated and presented in the form of tables. The validation of numerical procedure is confirmed through its comparison with the existing results. The computation is carried out for suitable inputs of the controlling parameters. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.