The compact eighth-order of approximation difference schemes for fourth-order differential equation

Abstract

Local and nonlocal boundary value problems (LNBVPs) related to fourth-order differential equations (FODEs) were explored. To tackle these problems numerically, we introduce novel compact four-step difference schemes (DSs) that achieve eighth-order of approximation. These DSs are derived from a novel Taylor series expansion involving five points. The theoretical foundations of these DSs are validated through extensive numerical experiments, demonstrating their effectiveness and precision. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.