Chemistry, Physicochemical Properties and Pharmacokinetics of Iodinated Contrast Agents

Abstract

Iodine is a contrast agent which has been used for a long time. Ionic and non-ionic iodine-based contrast agents are commonly used in radiology because of their fewer adverse effects. Iohexol, iodixanol and ioversol are the most used iodinated organic molecules. Physicochemical properties (viscosity, osmolality) of modern iodinated contrast agents can vary on their chemical structures (such as monomeric or dimeric), iodine contents and their ionic or non-ionic characteristics. Atropisomer chirality may affect properties such as pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Their physicochemical properties determine their pharmacokinetics, tolerability and side effects. It is known that most iodinated contrast agents are not possible to enter into an intact blood-brain barrier. Non-ionic iodinated contrast agents are thought to have lower osmolality and tend to have fewer side effects. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.